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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Types of RNA01:20

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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Noncoding RNAs in B cell responses.

Eric J Wigton1, K Mark Ansel1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

RNA Biology
|February 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

B cells are key to adaptive immunity, producing antibodies via DNA mutations like class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) further regulate these crucial B cell functions.

Keywords:
Antibodyb cell receptorclass switch recombination (CSR)germline transcriptimmunoglobulinlong noncoding RNA (lncRNA)microRNA (miRNA)r-loop

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B cells are central to the adaptive immune system, responsible for antibody production against diverse antigens.
  • Antibody diversification relies on somatic DNA mutations, including class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM).
  • These mutation processes are tightly regulated, occurring upon antigen recognition and in response to inflammatory signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing B cell effector functions.
  • To highlight the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in B cell activation and antibody diversification.
  • To underscore the importance of transcriptional control in antibody gene loci for CSR.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of B cell activation pathways.
  • Investigation of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) involvement in B cell function.
  • Study of transcriptional regulation within antibody gene loci.
  • Examination of microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) functions.

Main Results:

  • Transcription at the antibody locus directly influences class switch recombination (CSR).
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate B cell function post-transcriptionally.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to B cell effector functions via chromatin remodeling.
  • Both miRNAs and lncRNAs are critical for B cell activation and terminal differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • B cell antibody production is a complex process involving intricate DNA mutation and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are essential regulators of B cell activation, antibody diversification, and effector functions.
  • Understanding these regulatory networks is crucial for advancing immunology and developing targeted therapies.