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Phase control for indium oxide nanoparticles
Ida Gjerlevsen Nielsen1, Sanna Sommer1, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen1
1Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. bo@chem.au.dk.
Nanoscale
|February 15, 2021
Summary
Understanding indium oxide semiconductor formation is key. This study reveals synthesis pathways and phase transformations for indium oxide nanomaterials using in situ X-ray scattering, enabling scalable production.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Solid State Chemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Indium oxides (c-In2O3, h-In2O3, InOOH, In(OH)3) are crucial wide band gap semiconductors.
- Complex synthesis parameters and phase transformations hinder understanding of indium oxide formation mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the formation mechanisms of different indium oxide phases.
- To investigate phase transformations within the indium oxide system.
- To develop scalable continuous flow solvothermal synthesis procedures.
Main Methods:
- Solvothermal synthesis and powder calcination.
- In situ X-ray scattering.
- Thermal analysis.
Main Results:
- Direct formation of crystalline In(OH)3, InOOH, and cubic c-In2O3 was observed.
- Hexagonal h-In2O3 formation requires thermal decomposition of InOOH.
- New phase transformations: In(OH)3 to InOOH, and InOOH to c-In2O3 were identified.
- Solvothermal synthesis and dry powder calcination exhibit distinct reaction mechanisms and transformations for In(OH)3 and InOOH.
Conclusions:
- Detailed understanding of indium oxide phase relations and synthesis pathways.
- Development of procedures for scalable continuous flow solvothermal synthesis.
- Insight into distinct reaction mechanisms under wet (solvothermal) and dry (calcination) conditions.
