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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis

An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis

Published on: August 6, 2020

COCO/DAND5 inhibits developmental and pathological ocular angiogenesis.

Natalija Popovic^1,2, Erika Hooker^1,2, Andrea Barabino^2,3

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

EMBO Molecular Medicine

|February 15, 2021

Summary

A novel protein, COCO, effectively inhibits pathological ocular angiogenesis, offering a potential new therapy for conditions like age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinopathy of prematurity.

Keywords:

COCO angiogenesis energy metabolism ocular pathologies

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Last Updated: Nov 17, 2025

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Published on: August 6, 2020

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Retinal Explant of the Adult Mouse Retina as an Ex Vivo Model for Studying Retinal Neurovascular Diseases

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Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Molecular Biology
Angiogenesis Research

Background:

Neovascularization drives visual disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinopathy of prematurity.
Current treatments target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but resistance and side effects like geographic atrophy are concerns.
Alternative therapeutic pathways for ocular angiogenesis are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize a novel inhibitor of pathological ocular angiogenesis.
To evaluate the therapeutic potential of COCO in preclinical models of neovascular eye diseases.

Main Methods:

In vitro assessment of COCO's effects on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting.
In vivo studies using intravitreal injections of COCO in models of retinopathy of prematurity and choroidal neovascularization.
Mechanistic studies investigating COCO's impact on TGFβ, BMP pathways, cellular metabolism, and redox balance.

Main Results:

COCO significantly inhibited endothelial cell sprouting, migration, and proliferation in vitro.
Intravitreal COCO administration suppressed retinal vascularization in developmental and retinopathy of prematurity models.
COCO effectively reduced angiogenesis in choroidal neovascularization models.
Mechanistically, COCO modulated TGFβ and BMP signaling, altered cellular energy metabolism, and affected redox balance.

Conclusions:

COCO is a potent inhibitor of both retinal and choroidal angiogenesis.
COCO presents a promising therapeutic candidate for neovascular ocular diseases, addressing limitations of current anti-VEGF therapies.