[Lesions of the anterior interosseous nerve: differentiating between compression neuropathy and neuritis]

In cases of anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) syndrome, it is often difficult to differentiate between compression neuropathy and neuritis.

This review analyses the clinical aspects of the neuritic AIN syndrome and the different diagnostic tools for securing the diagnosis and differentiating the condition from compression neuropathy. Based on these data, the current therapeutic options are proposed.

The AIN syndrome often results from neuritis of the AIN fascicles within the trunk of the median nerve. The differentiation between neuritis and compression neuropathy of the AIN is based on dedicated neurophysiological examinations as well as nerve sonography and MRI neurography. Although conservative treatment is the gold standard, microsurgical interventions have become more important in recent years.

A dedicated diagnostic workup of the AIN syndrome is paramount for optimal treatment. Conservative treatment remains the standard to date. However, if torsions and constrictions of nerve fascicles are detected, intrafascicular neurolysis should be considered, as current research shows the potential for an improved outcome in such cases.