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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Differentiation of Newborn Mouse Skin Derived Stem Cells into Germ-like Cells In vitro
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Centrosomes: Til O-GlcNAc Do Us Apart.

Aiyun Yuan1, Xiangyan Tang1, Jing Li1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|February 18, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a key post-translational modification involved in regulating centrosome function. This review explores O-GlcNAc

Keywords:
O-linked N-acetylglucosamineO-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferasecell cyclecentrosomecilia

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The centrosome is crucial for cell division, ensuring proper spindle assembly and chromosome segregation.
  • Centrosome duplication, separation, and function are tightly regulated processes.
  • Various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and acetylation, modulate centrosome behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification in centrosome dynamics.
  • To highlight the role of O-GlcNAc in regulating centrosome and centriole number, separation, and distribution.
  • To explore the connection between O-GlcNAc, glucose metabolism, and signal transduction in the context of centrosome function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing proteomic studies.
  • Analysis of single protein investigations.
  • Synthesis of current literature on O-GlcNAc and centrosome biology.

Main Results:

  • O-GlcNAc modification, catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), plays a significant role in centrosome regulation.
  • Evidence suggests O-GlcNAc influences centrosome number and separation, as well as centriole number and distribution.
  • O-GlcNAc links cellular metabolism to signaling pathways affecting centrosome-associated structures like cilia.

Conclusions:

  • O-GlcNAc is an emerging and critical PTM in modulating centrosome dynamics.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms of O-GlcNAc in centrosome regulation.
  • The interplay between O-GlcNAc and phosphorylation represents a key regulatory axis for centrosome function.