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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
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Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

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Dendritic cells: The first step.

Gwendalyn J Randolph1

  • 1Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|February 18, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pioneering research in 1973 described and named dendritic cells, initiating crucial work that uncovered their fundamental nature and functions in immunology.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells are critical immune cells involved in antigen presentation.
  • Understanding dendritic cell function is key to developing immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define dendritic cells as a distinct cell type.
  • To lay the groundwork for future research into dendritic cell biology.

Main Methods:

  • Morphological and functional characterization of newly identified cells.
  • Isolation and observation of cells from mouse spleen.

Main Results:

  • Identification and naming of a novel cell type: dendritic cells.
  • Initial description of dendritic cell morphology and potential immune role.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of dendritic cells marked a significant advancement in immunology.
  • This foundational work opened new avenues for understanding immune responses.