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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
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Interspecies evolutionary dynamics mediated by public goods in bacterial quorum sensing.

Eduardo J Aguilar1, Valmir C Barbosa2, Raul Donangelo3,4

  • 1Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, Minais Gerais, Brazil.

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Bacterial quorum sensing involves communication via secreted molecules. A new model shows that the survival of public good-producing bacteria depends on a trade-off between production and uptake costs, influencing community evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Systems Biology and Network Modeling

Background:

  • Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is cell-cell communication regulating gene expression based on population density.
  • QS involves secreting and responding to signaling molecules, impacting community behavior and evolution.
  • Coexistence of multiple bacterial species (genotypes) raises questions about the evolution of public good production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the coevolution of bacterial genotypes in a multispecies setting with public good production.
  • To model genotype interaction and evolution where fitness depends on public good production and uptake.
  • To identify factors influencing the long-term survival of genotypes that produce public goods.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced a network model combining a random graph for evolutionary pathways and differential equations for genotype abundance.
  • Analyzed simple model variations analytically.
  • Studied complex variations computationally.

Main Results:

  • Identified a critical trade-off impacting the survival of public good-producing genotypes.
  • Producer survival depends on the balance between the costs of producing and absorbing public goods.
  • Non-producer survival is influenced by absorbing public goods and molecular compatibility with producers.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation and competition in microbial communities.
  • A delicate balance of costs and benefits determines whether public good producers can persist.
  • Molecular compatibility plays a significant role in the coexistence dynamics of producer and non-producer genotypes.