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Related Concept Videos

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Precision Functional Mapping of the Subcortex and Cerebellum.

Scott Marek1, Deanna J Greene2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine.

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Precision functional mapping reveals unique human brain network organization in individuals, extending beyond the cortex to the subcortex and cerebellum. This personalized brain mapping approach shows promise for future clinical applications.

Keywords:
Basal gangliabrain networkscerebellumdeep brain stimulationfMRIfunctional connectivityindividual variabilityresting statethalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Mapping

Background:

  • Human functional brain networks are typically studied using group averages.
  • Individual differences in functional brain organization are increasingly recognized.
  • Precision functional mapping (PFM) has previously characterized cortical networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend PFM to subcortical structures and the cerebellum.
  • To identify novel organizational principles in these brain regions.
  • To explore the clinical translatability of subcortical and cerebellar PFM.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of large-scale functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data per individual.
  • Application of PFM techniques to analyze subcortical and cerebellar functional connectivity.
  • Comparison of individual network representations with group-level tendencies.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibit unique functional network representations in the subcortex and cerebellum, similar to cortical findings.
  • Novel organizational principles were identified within the subcortex and cerebellum.
  • PFM of these deep brain structures demonstrates potential for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • PFM is a powerful tool for characterizing individual functional brain organization across the entire brain.
  • Subcortical and cerebellar functional networks display significant individual variability.
  • Subcortical and cerebellar PFM holds promise for personalized neurological assessments and treatments.