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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

161
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

2.0K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

138
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Anterior Mediastinal Mass Causing Intermittent Atrial Fibrillation.

Adam M Spanier1, Garrett R Evans1, Hugh M Hiller1

  • 1Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Emergency Medicine Residency, Fort Hood, TX 76544, USA.

Military Medicine
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare anterior mediastinal mass, diagnosed as thymoma, was found to cause atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. This case highlights a unique presentation of cardiac dysrhythmia due to direct mass effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Mediastinal masses are uncommon emergency department presentations, often causing vague symptoms like chest discomfort or dyspnea.
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias secondary to mediastinal tumors are rare, usually linked to hormonal or metabolic influences.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular response, alongside a history of recurrent palpitations managed with vagal maneuvers.
  • Imaging revealed an anterior mediastinal mass, subsequently diagnosed as a thymoma.

Findings:

  • The anterior mediastinal thymoma was suspected as the cause of the patient's atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response.
  • The dysrhythmia was attributed to the direct mass effect of the thymoma, rather than endocrine or metabolic factors.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering direct mechanical effects of mediastinal masses on cardiac function.
  • Highlights a rare but critical differential diagnosis for unexplained dysrhythmias in the emergency setting.
  • Suggests thorough investigation for mediastinal pathology in patients with new-onset or recurrent arrhythmias.