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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management01:26

Cardiac Catheterization IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, assess the patient for allergies to contrast dye. Perform a comprehensive baseline assessment, including vital signs, heart and breath sounds, and a neurovascular assessment of the extremities, noting distal pulses, skin color, and temperature. Instruct the patient to fast for 8-12 hours before the procedure. Evaluate baseline laboratory...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview01:28

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

337
Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
337
Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization01:21

Cardiac Catheterization II: Right Heart Catheterization

367
Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary artery pressures, calculates cardiac output, and identifies intracardiac shunts. It provides detailed hemodynamic data essential for diagnosing and managing various cardiovascular conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension.Access SitesCommon access sites for right heart catheterization include the internal jugular vein in the neck region, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 17, 2025

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Care the epicardial pacemaker wires.

Luísa Gonçalves1, José Máximo2, Jorge Almeida2

  • 1Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal.

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in a patient with prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was linked to a retained epicardial pacemaker wire. This case highlights the importance of considering retained wires in endocarditis evaluations.

Keywords:
Cardiac imagingEndocarditisEpicardial pacemaker wire

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • A patient with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) presented with recurrent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia.
  • Initial presentations were treated successfully with antibiotics, but symptoms and bacteremia relapsed.

Observation:

  • Echocardiography revealed a cystic mass in the right atrium during a relapse.
  • The mass was found intraoperatively to be associated with a retained epicardial pacemaker wire.

Findings:

  • The retained epicardial wire served as a nidus for recurrent Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.
  • Surgical intervention was ultimately required due to the persistent infection and increasing mass size.

Implications:

  • Retained epicardial pacemaker wires are a potential, often overlooked, source of recurrent infective endocarditis.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for retained hardware in patients with unexplained recurrent bacteremia, particularly those with cardiac device history.