Computerized inhibitory control training reduces anxiety in preadolescent students

The study examined the relationship between anxiety, inhibitory control (IC), and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in a critical age-range for social and emotional development (8-12-year-olds). The participants were assigned to 4 weeks of either an emotional IC training program, a neutral IC training program, or a waitlisted control, and were tested using cognitive, emotional, and EEG measures. The training was computerized and completed remotely. At baseline, IC accuracy scores were negatively related to both anxiety and depression levels (N = 42). Additionally, increased right lateral frontal alpha asymmetry was predictive of increased anxiety/depression scores. A series of multivariate analyses of covariance and post-hoc tests were conducted to compare effects in the participants that completed the full 16 sessions of training (N = 32). Overall the emotional and neutral training conditions showed similar improvements in IC accuracy, as well as reductions in anxiety compared to the waitlist condition. Minimal neurophysiological changes occurred from pre-to-post; however, lateral frontal asymmetry shifted leftward in the emotional training group. These findings highlight the potential of computerized IC training for mitigating negative emotional functioning in preadolescents. Future research is necessary to determine the long-term effects of IC training and whether longer training intervals facilitate persisting impacts.