Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
Published on: June 8, 2018
Simulating 2+1D Z_{3} Lattice Gauge Theory with an Infinite Projected Entangled-Pair State
Daniel Robaina1, Mari Carmen Bañuls1,2, J Ignacio Cirac1,2
1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
Abstract:
We simulate a zero-temperature pure Z_{3} lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions by using an iPEPS (infinite projected entangled-pair state) Ansatz for the ground state. Our results are therefore directly valid in the thermodynamic limit. They clearly show two distinct phases separated by a phase transition. We introduce an update strategy that enables plaquette terms and Gauss-law constraints to be applied as sequences of two-body operators. This allows the use of the most up-to-date iPEPS algorithms. From the calculation of spatial Wilson loops we are able to prove the existence of a confined phase. We show that with relatively low computational cost it is possible to reproduce crucial features of gauge theories. We expect that the strategy allows the extension of iPEPS studies to more general LGTs.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Bewley Lattice Diagram
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
The Pauli Exclusion Principle
First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium
Newton's first law tells us about...
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

