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Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Force and momentum are intimately related. Force acting over time can change momentum, and Newton's second law of motion can be stated in its most broadly applicable form in terms of momentum. Momentum can be applied to systems where the mass is changing, such as rockets, as well as to systems of constant mass. Also, momentum continues to be a key concept in the study of atomic and subatomic particles in quantum mechanics. One can consider systems with varying mass in some detail; however, the...
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Longitudinal Master Track and Field Performance Decline Rates Are Lower and Performance Is Better Compared to

Christoph Hoog Antink1,2, Anne K Braczynski3,4, Anthony Kleerekoper5

  • 1Medical Information Technology (MedIT), Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Master athletes with multiple competition results show better performance and slower age-related decline compared to those with single results. Longitudinal data reveal individual athletic trajectories more accurately than cross-sectional data.

Keywords:
AthleticsBig dataComputational modelLife spanLongevity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Gerontology
  • Athletics Research

Background:

  • Cross-sectional data in master athletics research are more accessible than longitudinal data.
  • Cross-sectional data indicate population-level age-related performance decline, while longitudinal data track individual trajectories.
  • The impact of repeated competition on master athletes' performance and age-related decline remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if master athletes with multiple competition results exhibit superior performance.
  • To investigate if repeated competition is associated with a slower age-related performance decline.
  • To compare performance trajectories derived from longitudinal versus cross-sectional data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 33,254 results from 14,118 male master athletes across 8 disciplines.
  • Utilized the "Swedish Veteran Athletics" database for athlete performance data.
  • Applied quadratic models and ANCOVA/ANOCOVA in MATLAB to analyze performance evolution over time.

Main Results:

  • Athletes with two or more data points demonstrated significantly higher performance (p < .001).
  • Performance continued to increase with a greater number of data points per athlete.
  • A slower age-related performance decline was observed in athletes with two or more results (p < .001) for sprint, 10 km, and jumps.

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal data in master athletics are linked to higher performance levels.
  • Repeated participation in master athletics is associated with reduced rates of age-related performance decline.
  • Individual athletic trajectories, revealed by longitudinal data, offer deeper insights than population-level cross-sectional data.