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Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Features and Management
Puneet Kaur Sahi1, Urmila Jhamb2, Aashima Dabas2
1Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Puneet Kaur Sahi, Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi 110 002, India. puneetksahi@gmail.com.
Pediatric COVID-19 presents milder symptoms and lower mortality than in adults. Management focuses on supportive care, oxygen, and potentially steroids or anticoagulation for severe cases, with more research needed on antivirals.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- COVID-19 management in children lacks clear guidelines.
- Pediatric COVID-19 cases represent a small fraction of global infections.
- Children generally experience milder disease compared to adults.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinical presentations of pediatric COVID-19.
- To summarize current management strategies for children with COVID-19.
- To identify knowledge gaps in pediatric COVID-19 treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature search of Medline database.
- Inclusion of seminal articles and guidelines.
- Focus on children under 18 years of age.
Main Results:
- Lower incidence (1-5%) and mortality (0-0.7%) in children vs. adults.
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a rare but severe complication.
- Supportive care (hydration, nutrition, antipyretics) is primary; oxygen for moderate-severe cases.
Conclusions:
- Steroids and anticoagulation may benefit severe pediatric cases.
- Further research is required on antiviral and immunomodulator efficacy in children.
- Standardized management protocols for pediatric COVID-19 are essential.
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