Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
e-Health and telemedicine implementation in facial paralysis: challenges and pitfalls
Elijah E Sanches1, Frank W de Jongh1,2, Koen J A O Ingels3
1Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive and Hand- Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
During the current Covid-19 pandemic, a lot of changes had to be made in the care of patients with facial nerve paralysis (FNP). FNP is a life-changing condition with effects on both physical (both esthetic and functional) and psychological aspects of the patient's life. Telemedicine could be a suitable alternative in the therapy for these patients, since it is often not possible to travel to outpatient clinics or to have normal face-to-face appointments with treating physicians because of pandemic restrictions. This review provides an overview of the current literature in the treatment of FNP during the pandemic and the role of telemedicine/e-Health. Secondly, we will discuss the challenges and pitfalls of implementing e-Health and telemedicine applications in clinical practice. Level of evidence: Not ratable.

