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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Crosstalk Between mRNA 3'-End Processing and Epigenetics.

Lindsey V Soles1, Yongsheng Shi1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Genetics
|February 22, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates diverse mRNA isoforms and is crucial for development and health. Recent research highlights the significant role of epigenetics in regulating APA, impacting various diseases.

Keywords:
chromatinepigeneticshistonemRNA 3' processingpolyadenylation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a key mechanism generating multiple mRNA isoforms from eukaryotic genes.
  • APA is dynamically regulated during development and in response to stimuli, with mis-regulation linked to diseases like cancer and neurological disorders.
  • Traditional research focused on cis-elements and RNA-binding proteins, but recent studies reveal epigenetic influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss recent findings on epigenetic mechanisms regulating APA.
  • To explore the implications of these findings for understanding the interplay between epigenetics and mRNA 3'-end processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on APA and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DNA modifications, histone modifications, and chromatin structures in APA regulation.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA and histone modifications and chromatin structure, play significant roles in regulating APA.
  • These epigenetic factors provide a new layer of control over mRNA 3'-end processing.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is a critical regulator of alternative polyadenylation.
  • Understanding the crosstalk between epigenetics and APA is essential for comprehending gene expression and disease pathogenesis.