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Comparisons Inform Me Who I Am: A General Comparative-Processing Model of Self-Perception
1Institute of Psychology, University of Münster.
Summary
Self-perception is shaped by social comparisons, not stable self-knowledge. A new model explains how comparing ourselves to others influences our self-concept and behaviors.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Social Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Self-concept and identity are crucial for individuals.
- Self-perception is often motivated and serves survival, not necessarily reflecting stable states.
- Social comparison is a key factor in evaluating self-attributes, but its role is underestimated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a general comparative model of self-perception.
- To integrate the role of comparison standards and processes in self-perception.
- To provide a framework for understanding everyday comparative behavior and its consequences.
Main Methods:
- A theoretical model is proposed, outlining a basic comparison process.
- The model incorporates prior mental representations, construal of comparison standards, and outcomes.
- It includes appraisal of motives and controllability, and influencing contextual/personal factors.
Main Results:
- The model details a dynamic process where comparisons shape self-perception.
- It highlights how appraisals of motives and controllability influence responses.
- Contextual and personal factors are shown to modulate comparison processes.
Conclusions:
- The proposed model offers a comprehensive framework for understanding self-perception.
- It elucidates the mechanisms through which social comparison impacts self-concept.
- The model can inform interventions for managing negative comparative behaviors.
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