Process modeling, characterization, optimization, and mechanisms of fluoride adsorption using magnetic agro-based
Mohammad Hadi Dehghani1, Solmaz Gholami2, Rama Rao Karri3
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Magnetic carbon adsorbents from agricultural waste effectively remove fluoride from drinking water. Granular activated carbon-Fe3O4 showed higher efficiency than powdered activated carbon-Fe3O4, with ANFIS models accurately predicting performance.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Materials Science
- Water Treatment
Background:
- Fluoride contamination in potable water poses significant health risks.
- Agricultural biomass offers a sustainable source for developing novel adsorbent materials.
- Magnetic carbon-based adsorbents present a promising approach for efficient water purification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate fluoride removal from polluted water using magnetic carbon adsorbents derived from agricultural biomass.
- To optimize process variables (pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial fluoride concentration) for maximum removal efficiency.
- To elucidate adsorption mechanisms through isotherm, kinetic, and anion interaction studies.
Main Methods:
- Experimental design considering interactive effects of process variables.
- Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies analyzed using nonlinear differential evolution optimization (DEO).
- Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and response surface methodology (RSM) for prediction and optimization.
Main Results:
- Granular activated carbon-Fe3O4 (GAC-Fe3O4) achieved 89.34% fluoride removal, outperforming powdered activated carbon-Fe3O4 (PAC-Fe3O4) at 85.14%.
- Adsorption followed intraparticle diffusion kinetics and Langmuir/Freundlich isotherms, with capacities of 2.74 mg/g (GAC-Fe3O4) and 1.20 mg/g (PAC-Fe3O4).
- ANFIS model predictions showed superior correlation with experimental data compared to RSM.
Conclusions:
- Magnetic carbon adsorbents derived from agricultural biomass are effective for fluoride removal.
- GAC-Fe3O4 demonstrates higher adsorption capacity and efficiency than PAC-Fe3O4.
- ANFIS provides a reliable tool for predicting and optimizing fluoride removal processes.
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