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Sodium intake and kidney function in the general population: an observational, population-based study.
Massimo Cirillo1, Giancarlo Bilancio2, Pierpaolo Cavallo3
1Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Clinical Kidney Journal
|February 24, 2021
Summary
Higher sodium intake appears linked to better kidney function initially but accelerates decline over time in the general population. This study investigated sodium intake and kidney function changes. Keywords: sodium intake, kidney function, eGFR decline.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- The relationship between sodium intake and kidney function in the general population is not well understood.
- Investigating this association is crucial for public health guidelines and kidney disease prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between sodium intake and kidney function in a large population cohort.
- To determine if higher sodium intake is associated with cross-sectional kidney function and longitudinal decline.
Main Methods:
- An observational, population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study of 4595 adults.
- Sodium intake was estimated using the urine sodium:creatinine ratio.
- Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated from serum creatinine, sex, and age.
Main Results:
- Higher baseline sodium intake was associated with higher baseline eGFR (kidney function).
- Over a 14.1-year follow-up, higher sodium intake was significantly associated with a greater decline in eGFR.
- Increased odds of eGFR decline ≥30% and worsened kidney function stage were observed with higher sodium intake.
Conclusions:
- Higher sodium intake shows a cross-sectional association with better kidney function.
- However, higher sodium intake is longitudinally linked to accelerated kidney function decline in the general population.
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