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Strategies for active and passive pediatric RSV immunization

Katherine M Eichinger1, Jessica L Kosanovich2, Madeline Lipp3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy
|February 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Developing a pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine is challenging due to infant immune responses and maternal antibodies. This review explores age-specific immunity to inform future RSV vaccine strategies for infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants.
  • Despite extensive research, licensed RSV vaccines for children remain unavailable.
  • Infant immune responses, including maternal antibody interference and a Th2 bias, complicate vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an age-specific understanding of RSV immunity in infants.
  • To review historical and future strategies for preventing infant RSV infections.
  • To guide the development of effective pediatric RSV vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current research on RSV pathogenesis and immunology.
  • Analysis of challenges in pediatric RSV vaccine development.
  • Evaluation of passive and active immunization strategies for infants.

Main Results:

  • Infant immune systems present unique challenges for vaccine efficacy.
  • Maternal antibodies can interfere with active infant immunization.
  • Novel adjuvants and antigen formulations are being explored to modulate immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • An age-specific understanding of infant immunity is crucial for successful pediatric RSV vaccine design.
  • Strategies like maternal immunization and infant vaccination with pre-fusion F protein antigens and novel adjuvants show promise.
  • Avoiding Th2 immune polarization is key for effective RSV vaccine responses in infants.

Keywords:
RSVRespiratory Syncytial Virusadjuvantinfantneonatevaccine

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