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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Physical Properties of Ethers02:17

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An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of alcohols of comparable molecular weight and slightly higher than those of hydrocarbons of comparable molecular weight (Table 1).
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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions in Ether-Functionalized Ionic Liquids.

O Palumbo1, F Trequattrini1,2, A Cimini1

  • 1CNR-ISC, U.O.S. La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|February 24, 2021
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Summary

Infrared spectroscopy reveals hydrogen bonding between ether-functionalized cations and anions in ionic liquids. This interaction influences anion conformer stability, particularly in FSI-based ionic liquids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are tunable solvents with diverse applications.
  • Understanding intra- and intermolecular interactions is crucial for designing ILs with specific properties.
  • Ether-functionalized ILs present unique interaction possibilities due to ether oxygen atoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intra- and intermolecular interactions in ether-functionalized ionic liquids.
  • To study the influence of ether functionalization and anion type on IL behavior.
  • To determine the stability of anion conformers and their response to external factors like salt addition.

Main Methods:

  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy (medium and far ranges) was employed.
  • Temperature-dependent spectral analysis was performed.
  • Ab initio calculations using the B3LYP-D functional were conducted.

Main Results:

  • The trans conformer of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) is more stable than the cis conformer in ether-functionalized ILs.
  • Enthalpy differences between FSI conformers decrease upon Li salt addition.
  • Evidence for hydrogen bonding between ether-functionalized cations and the FSI anion was found.
  • Ether-functionalized cations, especially with FSI anions, enhance the observation of cation-anion interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Ether functionalization in ionic liquids promotes specific hydrogen bonding interactions with the anion.
  • These interactions influence the conformational preferences of the anion.
  • The findings provide insights into the structure-property relationships of ionic liquids for tailored applications.