Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 2, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Electrochemical Desilylative Fluorination Enables Access to N-Monofluoromethyl Amides and Peptides
Hong-Hai Zhang1, Jia-Ze Qin1, Meng-Ting Ai1
1State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Abstract:
N-Fluoroalkyl amides have emerged as highly attractive targets because N-fluoromethylation can modulate conformation, stability, lipophilicity, and molecular recognition. However, despite the rapidly advancing chemistry of N-CF3 and N-CF2H amides, access to the corresponding N-monofluoromethyl (N-CH2F) amides remains significantly underdeveloped. Existing approaches are often constrained by the use of silver-based fluorinating reagents, unstable intermediates, and limited compatibility with peptide substrates. In this study, we report an electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of N-monofluoromethyl amides using fluoride as the fluorine source. Employing N-CH2TMS amides as readily accessible precursors, the target framework is efficiently constructed through electrochemical oxidative activation. The transformation proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits broad compatibility with amino acid-derived amides and peptide substrates of varying chain lengths.
Related Concept Videos
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Preparation of Amides
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
