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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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Introduction to Urinary System01:13

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration01:17

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production takes place. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent...
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Reliable and High Efficiency Extraction of Kidney Immune Cells
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Reliable and High Efficiency Extraction of Kidney Immune Cells

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[Complement system and kidney].

Matthieu Halfon1, Manuel Pascual2, Salima Sadallah3

  • 1Service de néphrologie et d'hypertension, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Revue Medicale Suisse
|February 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement modulators, like eculizumab, offer new hope for kidney diseases and transplantation by blocking complement system proteins. While effective, these treatments face challenges including infection risks and high costs.

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Depletion of Specific Cell Populations by Complement Depletion
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Growing interest in complement system research, driven by novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Eculizumab, a C5 complement inhibitor, has transformed outcomes in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
  • Emerging complement modulators, such as avacopan (C5aR inhibitor), show promise in conditions like ANCA vasculitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in complement modulation for kidney diseases and transplantation.
  • To highlight the clinical applications and potential of complement inhibitors.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions of complement-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and research on complement modulators.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and safety profiles of C5 and C5aR inhibitors.
  • Exploration of the role of complement in kidney transplantation complications.

Main Results:

  • Complement inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in specific nephropathies and autoimmune diseases.
  • Potential for complement modulators in preventing humoral rejection post-kidney transplant.
  • Identified significant side effects, including increased infection risk, and high treatment costs.

Conclusions:

  • Complement modulators represent a significant translational research advancement with clinical impact.
  • These therapies offer new avenues for managing kidney diseases and improving transplant outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate side effects and reduce costs for broader patient access.