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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Sub-acute Cerebral Microhemorrhages Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Injection in Rats
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Intermittent Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Significantly Increases Cortical Infarct Size and Impairs Autophagy.

Ashley E Russell1,2,3, John Z Cavendish1,2, Ali Rai4

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, United States.

ASN Neuro
|February 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermittent exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates stroke-related brain damage. This immune activation downregulates autophagy and increases DNA methylation, suggesting epigenetic changes contribute to stroke severity.

Keywords:
DNA methylationLPSTNF-αautophagystroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Traditional risk factors do not explain all stroke cases.
  • Recent infections may increase stroke risk through immune signaling and thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intermittent immune activation on stroke outcomes.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying increased stroke severity following immune exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Animal model of stroke with intermittent exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Analysis of cortical infarct volume.
  • Measurement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression.
  • Assessment of autophagy gene expression and DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • Intermittent LPS exposure significantly increased cortical infarct volume compared to controls.
  • Upregulation of TNF-α mRNA was observed in stroke hemispheres.
  • Significant downregulation of autophagy genes and increased DNA methylation of these genes were found in LPS-exposed animals.

Conclusions:

  • Intermittent immune activation, modeled by LPS exposure, worsens stroke outcomes.
  • This exacerbation is associated with suppressed autophagy and altered epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation).
  • Findings suggest immune-driven epigenetic dysregulation contributes to stroke neuropathology.