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Published on: September 12, 2017
Groundwater depletion will reduce cropping intensity in India
Meha Jain1, Ram Fishman2, Pinki Mondal3,4
1School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. mehajain@umich.edu.
Groundwater depletion threatens food security. Even with increased irrigation, India
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Environmental Science
- Hydrology
Background:
- Groundwater depletion poses a global threat to food security.
- Impacts on agricultural production and adaptation strategies are poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify groundwater depletion's impact on India's cropping intensity.
- To evaluate the efficacy of irrigation as an adaptation strategy.
Main Methods:
- Utilized high-resolution satellite and census data from India.
- Analyzed the relationship between groundwater depletion and cropping intensity.
Main Results:
- Groundwater depletion may decrease national cropping intensity by 20% (68% in depleted regions).
- Increased surface irrigation exacerbates rainfall variability and spatial inequality.
- Groundwater and canal irrigation are not interchangeable.
Conclusions:
- Current adaptation strategies are insufficient to maintain production levels.
- Additional measures are crucial for mitigating groundwater depletion's impact on agriculture.
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