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Changes in Suicide Rates - United States, 2018-2019
MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
|February 25, 2021
Summary
Suicide rates declined overall between 2018 and 2019, with variations across demographic groups and states. This progress highlights the need for continued, data-driven suicide prevention strategies targeting at-risk populations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Mental Health Research
Background:
- Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US, particularly for young adults.
- Significant increases in suicide rates were observed between 1999 and 2019.
- Suicide and attempts incur substantial lifetime economic costs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the variation in suicide rate declines from 2018 to 2019 across diverse subpopulations.
- To identify demographic, geographic, and mechanism-specific trends in suicide rates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of suicide counts and age-adjusted rates from 2018 to 2019.
- Utilized Z-tests and 95% confidence intervals for statistical significance.
- Examined changes by demographic characteristics, county urbanicity, and mechanism of injury.
Main Results:
- Overall suicide rates declined by 2.1%, with greater declines among females (3.2%) than males (1.8%).
- Significant declines were observed in five states and across various subgroups (race/ethnicity, age, urbanicity, mechanism).
- Some states and subpopulations experienced significant increases in suicide rates, indicating non-uniform progress.
Conclusions:
- The 2018-2019 decline in suicide rates is an encouraging but not uniform development.
- A comprehensive, data-driven approach to suicide prevention is crucial.
- Targeted strategies are needed for disproportionately affected populations to build on initial progress.
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