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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
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Membrane Transporters01:31

Membrane Transporters

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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
Transporters are mainly composed of alpha-helices, built from bundles of ten or more helices traversing the plasma membrane. The solute-binding sites are located midway, where some of the helices are broken or distorted, making space for the binding site through...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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Transporter proteins and its implication in human diseases.

Ritika Kabra1, Shailza Singh1

  • 1National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India.

Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology
|February 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Drug transporters are crucial for pharmacokinetics and the discovery of new infectious disease treatments. Understanding their types and roles, especially in synthetic antimicrobial peptides, is vital for drug development.

Keywords:
Catalytic cycleImportersP-type ATPasesRotary motorsTransporters

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Drug transporters significantly influence pharmacokinetics, affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
  • These transporters play critical roles in the development of novel therapeutics for infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the diverse classifications of drug transporters.
  • To highlight the significance of drug transporters in pharmacokinetic studies.
  • To emphasize their pivotal role in the discovery of synthetic antimicrobial peptides.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of drug transporters based on function (influx/efflux, secretory/absorptive) and mechanism (ATP-driven, Solute Linked Carrier - SLC).
  • Review of literature on the involvement of drug transporters in pharmacokinetics and infectious disease drug discovery.

Main Results:

  • Drug transporters are categorized into several functional and mechanistic groups.
  • These transporters are integral to understanding how drugs behave in the body.
  • Specific transporters are key targets or components in the development of synthetic antimicrobial peptides.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of drug transporter types and their functions is essential for effective drug discovery.
  • Drug transporters are indispensable in optimizing pharmacokinetic profiles and developing new antimicrobial agents.