Recognising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder and is estimated to affect approximately 10% of children and 5% of adults. It is associated with impaired functioning. Recognition and appropriate treatment can make a substantial difference.

The aim of this article is to provide a framework for recognising ADHD and the ways that it can present at different stages of the lifespan.

General practitioners have a vital role in identifying people who may have undiagnosed ADHD. It is important to take a history targeted at eliciting problems in everyday functioning. People who are intellectually able may have developed coping strategies that mask their ADHD; in those with other psychiatric diagnoses, the underlying ADHD may be overlooked. Timely and effective treatment can make an enormous difference to the individual and to their family and peers and can reduce the likelihood of subsequent development of secondary mental health and social issues.