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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

Published on: February 19, 2016

Underwater Time-Gated Standoff Raman Sensor for In Situ Chemical Sensing.

Shiv K Sharma¹, Bruce M Howe², Anupam K Misra¹

¹Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy

|February 26, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an underwater Raman sensor for detecting hazardous chemicals like explosives from a distance. The developed sensor successfully identified sulfur, nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates in various water conditions.

Keywords:

Standoff underwater Raman inorganic chemicals plastics time-gated Raman spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Sensor Technology

Background:

Detection of hazardous materials, including explosives, is crucial for security.
Standoff detection methods are needed for remote identification of threats.
Underwater environments pose unique challenges for chemical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and test an underwater time-gated standoff Raman sensor.
To demonstrate the sensor's capability in identifying explosive precursor chemicals.
To evaluate the sensor's performance in diverse aquatic conditions.

Main Methods:

Development of a custom Raman spectrometer and scanner within a pressure housing.
Utilizing a diode-pumped pulsed 532 nm laser for excitation.
Testing the sensor in air, tap water, seawater, and a natural harbor environment.

Main Results:

Successful acquisition of standoff Raman spectra of sulfur, nitrates, chlorates, and perchlorates.
Detection achieved up to approximately 6 meters in seawater and tap water.
Identification of submerged hazardous chemicals in plastic containers in harbor water.

Conclusions:

The developed underwater Raman sensor is effective for standoff detection of hazardous chemicals.
The system demonstrates robust performance in various aquatic settings.
This technology offers a promising solution for underwater threat detection and identification.