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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Pressure01:14

Fluid Pressure

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In mechanical engineering, fluid pressure plays a critical role in designing systems that utilize liquid flow, such as hydraulic systems, pumps, and valves. When designing these systems, engineers must ensure they can withstand the forces created by fluid pressure to avoid damage or failure.
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There are many examples of pressure in fluids in everyday life, such as in relation to blood (high or low blood pressure) and in relation to weather (high- and low-pressure weather systems). A given force can have a significantly different effect, depending on the area over which the force is exerted. For instance, a force applied to an area of 1 mm2 has a pressure that is 100 times greater than the same force applied to an area of 1 cm2. That's why a sharp needle is able to poke through...
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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

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In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
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Concept of Pressure at a Point01:15

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The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure01:24

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Can we define a unique microscopic pressure in inhomogeneous fluids?

Kaihang Shi1, Erik E Santiso1, Keith E Gubbins1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.

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Summary

Estimating nanoscale tangential pressure in thin films is challenging. This study introduces a new method to calculate a unique, coarse-grained tangential pressure, enabling better understanding of adsorbed layer properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Estimating the microscopic pressure tensor in adsorbed thin films is experimentally and theoretically challenging.
  • While normal pressure is well-defined on planar surfaces, local tangential pressure lacks unique nanoscale definition.
  • Existing methods struggle with ambiguities in defining local pressure tensor contours.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for calculating the local pressure tensor and its spatial integral.
  • To define a unique, coarse-grained tangential pressure free from contour definition ambiguities.
  • To determine effective adsorbed layer thickness and statistical pore width using the coarse-grained tangential pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the "virial-route" for local pressure tensor calculation.
  • Integrating local tangential pressure over a small spatial region to define a coarse-grained pressure.
  • Applying the method to Lennard-Jones argon adsorbed in realistic carbon slit pores.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a robust method for calculating coarse-grained tangential pressure across various contour definitions.
  • Successfully determined effective adsorbed layer thickness and statistical pore width.
  • Quantified in-layer and in-pore tangential pressures for argon in carbon slit pores.

Conclusions:

  • The developed coarse-grained tangential pressure offers a unique and unambiguous measure for adsorbed thin films.
  • This approach enhances understanding of pressure enhancement in strongly wetting systems.
  • The method provides valuable insights into the properties of adsorbed layers in confined geometries.