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Sensorineural Hearing Loss among Hypertensives.
O R Quadri1, I O Gbujie2, D B Ojji3
1Department of ENT Surgery, Gombe State University & Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria.
West African Journal of Medicine
|February 28, 2021
Summary
Hypertension significantly increases the risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) in adults. This study found a 12.83% prevalence of SNHL among hypertensive individuals, highlighting an eight-fold increased risk.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Cardiology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Hypertension is a leading cause of Target Organ Damage (TOD).
- The cochlea is a target organ susceptible to hypertensive vascular damage.
- Hypertension-induced cochlear damage can result in Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of SNHL in hypertensive patients.
- To assess the association between hypertension and SNHL.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital.
- 226 hypertensive patients and 226 age/sex-matched controls were prospectively evaluated.
- Hearing thresholds were assessed using Pure Tone Audiometry, with Pure Tone Average calculated.
Main Results:
- A significant difference in mean Pure Tone Average (PTA) was observed between hypertensives (15.53 ± 6.95 dBHL) and controls (13.98 ± 4.35 dBHL) (p=0.005).
- The prevalence of SNHL was 12.83% in hypertensives versus 1.77% in controls.
- Hypertensives had an 8.17-fold increased odds of SNHL (p=0.0001), predominantly mild, bilateral, and symmetrical.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of SNHL.
- SNHL in hypertensive patients typically presents as mild, bilateral, and symmetrical.
- The risk of SNHL increases with age and is substantially elevated in hypertensive individuals.
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