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Updated: Nov 16, 2025

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Biological Pathways in Adolescent Aortic Stiffness.

Justin P Zachariah1, Yunfei Wang1, Jane W Newburger2

  • 1Section of Pediatric Cardiology Department of Pediatrics Texas Children's HospitalBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aortic stiffness increases with higher body mass index (BMI) and LDL cholesterol in adolescents. Maintaining healthy BMI and lipid levels may help reduce aortic stiffness.

Keywords:
adipokinesarterial stiffnesscholesterolhypertensioninflammationobesitypediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Aortic stiffening, a precursor to hypertension, starts in youth.
  • In adults, factors like obesity and inflammation contribute to aortic stiffness.
  • Adolescent aortic stiffness and its relation to biomarkers are less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between aortic stiffness and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents.
  • To investigate the link between aortic stiffness and specific circulating biomarkers in adolescents.
  • To identify potential targets for mitigating aortic stiffness in youth.

Main Methods:

  • 246 adolescents (normal weight vs. excess weight) were recruited from primary care and cardiology clinics.
  • Measurements included anthropometry, noninvasive arterial tonometry (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), and blood assays.
  • Multivariable linear regression analyzed relationships between aortic stiffness markers, BMI z-score, and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with excess weight exhibited higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity compared to normal-weight peers.
  • After adjustment, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity correlated with BMI z-score.
  • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also significantly associated with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated BMI and LDL cholesterol are linked to greater aortic stiffness in adolescents.
  • These findings highlight the importance of weight management and lipid control in preventing early cardiovascular changes.
  • Interventions targeting BMI and lipids may be crucial for reducing adolescent aortic stiffness.