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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

5.1K
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography
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Implantation and Evaluation of Melanoma in the Murine Choroid via Optical Coherence Tomography

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Balloon cell melanoma: a systematic review.

Grace Wei1, Kerry Hennessy2, L Kevin Heard2

  • 1University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.

International Journal of Dermatology
|March 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer. This review highlights its distinct clinical, dermoscopic, and histological features, aiding earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
balloon cell melanomadermatopathologydermoscopyfoam cellsimmunohistochemistrymelanomametastases

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) is a rare variant of malignant melanoma.
  • It is characterized by large, foamy, and non-pigmented melanocytes.
  • Understanding its unique features is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A systematic literature review identified 76 BCM cases since 1970.
  • Mean patient age was 57.81 years, with a history of prior skin cancer in 58%.
  • Common clinical findings included raised, ulcerated lesions >1 cm on lower extremities.

Findings:

  • Dermoscopy revealed hairpin vessels and structureless architecture in 75% of cases.
  • Histopathology showed large, vacuolated cells with foamy cytoplasm.
  • S-100 immunohistochemistry confirmed diagnosis in 73% of cases.

Implications:

  • BCM often presents as advanced or metastatic disease.
  • Awareness of BCM's characteristics can prevent misdiagnosis.
  • Early recognition improves management of this aggressive melanoma subtype.