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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

Advances in patient-specific 3D-printed models in temporal bone surgery.

Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery·2026
Same author

Consensus on key concepts in audiometry.

Danish medical journal·2026
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Surgeons' perspectives on patient-specific 3D-printed temporal bone models: What do we need?

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026
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National and Individual-Level Economic Burden of Local Corticosteroid Use and Concomitant Use of Multiple Local Corticosteroid Formulations-A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology·2026
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Augmented Reality and 3D Printing as an Aid to Surgical Planning in Modern Microtia Reconstruction.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
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Effect of case-specific 3D-printed models on surgical performance in cadaveric dissection-a randomized controlled trial.

European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·2026

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3D-Printed Models for Temporal Bone Surgical Training: A Systematic Review.

Andreas Frithioff1,2, Martin Frendø1,2, David Bue Pedersen3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|March 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

3D-printed temporal bone models show promise for surgical training but lack robust educational evidence. More research is needed on manufacturing techniques and their impact on surgical performance for widespread adoption.

Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturingeducationneurotologyotologyrapid prototypingsurgical simulationtemporal bonetraining

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • 3D Printing Technology

Background:

  • 3D-printed temporal bone models offer a potential supplement to cadaveric dissection for surgical training.
  • Existing literature lacks comprehensive knowledge on manufacturing processes and validated educational outcomes for these models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review manufacturing methods of 3D-printed temporal bone models.
  • To evaluate the educational evidence supporting the use of these models in surgical training.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Data extraction on manufacturing and validation/training from eligible studies.
  • Quality assessment using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and educational outcomes via Kirkpatrick's model.

Main Results:

  • 36 studies were included, utilizing 3D-printed models based on computed tomography scans.
  • Manufacturing involved segmentation of critical structures like the facial nerve.
  • Educational quality was generally low, with most studies relying on subjective opinions (Kirkpatrick level 1).

Conclusions:

  • While 3D-printed temporal bones are frequently reported for surgical training, evidence supporting their efficacy is limited.
  • Further research is required to strengthen educational evidence and manufacturing expertise for integration into surgical curricula.