Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...

Disorders of the Urinary System

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development and implementation of a nurse-led clinical decision support tool for urinary tract infection.

Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE·2026

Same author

Sacrospinous Hysteropexy With Mesh vs Vaginal Hysterectomy for Treatment of Uterovaginal Prolapse: 10-Year Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA surgery·2026

Same author

Goal Achievement in Women With Urinary Incontinence After Midurethral Sling.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Gender-Affirming Testosterone Treatment and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Urethral Morphology and Support Associated with Urinary Symptoms after Vaginal Surgery with and without Midurethral Sling.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Stool Microbiota, Metabolites, and Fecal Incontinence in Women.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Is Nocturia Associated With Detrusor Underactivity?

Hannah T Ryles¹, Stephanie A Sansone², Pamela J Levin¹

¹From the Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery

|March 2, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nocturia in women is linked to reduced bladder voiding efficiency. Detrusor underactivity diagnosis using urodynamics requires careful consideration of diagnostic criteria.

More Related Videos

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction NeMO in Female Small Rodents

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction NeMO in Female Small Rodents

Published on: April 25, 2017

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Published on: August 18, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Detrusor Underactivity Model in Rats by Conus Medullaris Transection

Published on: August 28, 2020

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction NeMO in Female Small Rodents

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction NeMO in Female Small Rodents

Published on: April 25, 2017

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Published on: August 18, 2014

Area of Science:

Urology
Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Background:

Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a condition affecting bladder muscle function.
Nocturia, or nighttime voiding, is a common and bothersome symptom.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between nocturia and detrusor underactivity in women.
To compare urodynamic parameters in women with and without nocturia.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of 358 women undergoing urodynamic testing (2016-2018).
Comparison of uroflowmetry and pressure-flow study parameters between nocturia (≥2 voids/night) and non-nocturia (0-1 void/night) groups.
DU diagnosis using bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) <90%, bladder contractility index <100, or Gammie criteria.

Main Results:

Women with nocturia had significantly lower median maximum flow rate and average flow rate.
A higher proportion of women with nocturia were unable to void around the catheter during pressure-flow studies.
DU was diagnosed in 54% (BVE), 41% (BCI), and 7% (Gammie criteria); DU rate was significantly higher in the nocturia group using BVE criteria (63% vs 48%).

Conclusions:

Nocturia in women is associated with reduced voiding efficiency.
The diagnosis of detrusor underactivity via urodynamics can be challenging and criterion-dependent.