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Sensitivity to Noise Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study
Daniel Shepherd1, Marja Heinonen-Guzejev, Kauko Heikkilä
1Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand (Drs Shepherd, Landon, and Theadom); and Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (Drs Heinonen-Guzejev and Heikkilä).
Objective:
To describe changes in the prevalence and clinical correlates of noise sensitivity (NS) in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) across a 12-month period and to determine whether NS at an early stage of recovery has predictive value for later postconcussive symptoms.
Setting:
A mixed urban and rural region of New Zealand.
Participants:
Data for 341 adults (201 males, 140 females; age range from 16 to 91 years) were extracted from a 1-year TBI incidence, and outcomes study was conducted in New Zealand.
Design:
Secondary analysis of data from a community-based, longitudinal population study of an mTBI incidence cohort collected within 1 week of injury (baseline) and at 1, 6, and 12 months postinjury.
Main Measures:
Measures at baseline (within 2 weeks of the injury) and 1, 6, and 12 months included the Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and its NS item, the Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale, and the computerized CNS-Vital Signs neurocognitive test.
Results:
NS progressively declined postinjury, from 45% at baseline to 28% at 12 months. In turn, NS showed itself as a significant predictor of future postconcussive symptoms.
Conclusion:
Taken together with previous research, the findings of the current study indicate that NS may have clinical utility in flagging vulnerability to persistent postconcussive symptoms.
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