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Divided control by past behavior, present stimuli, and future outcome value in a concurrent-chains procedure.

Stephanie Gomes-Ng1,2, Tess Austin1, John Y H Bai3

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Behavioral control can be divided among signals, with past actions often overshadowing other cues. The subjective value of outcomes significantly influences which signals exert the most control.

Keywords:
conflicting informationconsequence controlintertemporal choicepigeonstimulus control

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral psychology
  • Animal cognition
  • Reinforcement learning

Background:

  • Stimulus control can be divided among multiple signals.
  • Outcome value influences the strength of stimulus control.
  • Understanding divided stimulus control is key to behavioral analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how divided stimulus control interacts with outcome value.
  • Examine the relative influence of past behavior, past signals, and present signals.
  • Determine the role of subjective outcome preference in stimulus control.

Main Methods:

  • Used a concurrent-chains procedure with pigeons.
  • Manipulated outcome magnitude and delay (smaller-sooner vs. larger-later reinforcers).
  • Assessed stimulus control by past behavior, past signals, and present signals.

Main Results:

  • Past behavior strongly controlled terminal-link responding, overshadowing past signals.
  • Present signals exerted some control, especially later in the terminal links.
  • Stimuli signaling preferred outcomes (smaller-sooner) had stronger control.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective outcome value is crucial for understanding stimulus control.
  • Egocentric stimuli (past behavior) can maintain enduring control.
  • Divided stimulus control is influenced by the temporal proximity and subjective value of signals and outcomes.