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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Related Experiment Video

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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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In Vivo Competitions between Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Ruminoccus albus in a

Carl J Yeoman1, Christopher J Fields2, Pascale Lepercq3

  • 1Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.

Mbio
|March 4, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In vivo, Fibrobacter succinogenes initially dominates but is outcompeted by Ruminococcus species in the rumen. This competition impacts fibrolytic enzyme activity and alters rumen fermentation end products.

Keywords:
CAZymescellulose degradationgnotobiotic animal modelouter membrane vesiclespili IVrumen

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Area of Science:

  • Rumen microbiology
  • Bacterial ecology
  • Animal nutrition

Background:

  • Rumen bacteria like Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens are key for plant biomass digestion in ruminants.
  • Previous in vitro studies indicated competition among these species for cellulosic substrates.
  • Molecular interactions of these predominant cellulolytic bacteria in vivo remained largely unexamined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo molecular interactions and population dynamics of three predominant rumen cellulolytic bacteria.
  • To understand how interspecies competition influences fibrolytic enzyme activity and metabolite production within the rumen ecosystem.
  • To elucidate the distinct strategies employed by F. succinogenes and ruminococci for plant cell wall degradation.

Main Methods:

  • Gnotobiotic lambs were inoculated sequentially with F. succinogenes, Methanobrevibacter sp., R. albus, and R. flavefaciens.
  • Longitudinal sampling allowed for profiling of population dynamics, gene expression, fibrolytic enzyme activity, and metabolite analysis.
  • Quantitative PCR, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics were employed to analyze microbial communities and their functional gene expression.

Main Results:

  • F. succinogenes initially established high populations but was outcompeted by R. albus and R. flavefaciens.
  • This competitive shift increased carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase activities without enhancing overall fibrolysis.
  • Metabolomic analysis revealed shifts in volatile fatty acids, with increased acetate and butyrate and decreased propionate.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first in vivo evidence of competitive interactions among F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens.
  • The findings highlight distinct degradation strategies: F. succinogenes utilizes outer membrane vesicles and diverse CAZymes, while ruminococci employ type IV pili or specific cellulosomal enzymes.
  • Interspecies competition significantly influences rumen fibrolytic function and the host's metabolomic profile, impacting energy absorption and production efficiency.