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INDICATORS OF LOCAL IMMUNITY IN THE COMORBID COURSE OF CARIES AND GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
A Borysenko1, T Timokhina1, O Kononova1
1Bohomolets National Medical University, Department of Therapeutic Stomatology, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Georgian Medical News
|March 4, 2021
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease combined with dental caries leads to subclinical immune inflammation. This involves altered lymphocyte activity, increased neutrophil phagocytosis, and changes in cytokines and immunoglobulins, worsening caries intensity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Dentistry
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Dental caries and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are prevalent conditions.
- The interplay between oral health and systemic diseases like GERD requires further investigation.
- Understanding local immunity in combined pathologies is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine local immunity indices in patients with combined dental caries and GERD.
- To compare immune responses in patients with caries alone versus those with combined caries and GERD.
- To assess the impact of GERD on the oral immune environment and caries progression.
Main Methods:
- Examined 33 patients (18-25 years) with dental caries, divided into a main group (caries + GERD) and a comparison group (caries only).
- Conducted dental status assessments, immunological studies (lymphocyte populations/activity, immunoglobulins, immune complexes, neutrophil phagocytosis, cytokine status).
- Utilized questionnaires to assess GERD severity and correlated findings with oral fluid and serum immune markers.
Main Results:
- Patients with caries and GERD showed spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (25.8%), increased neutrophil phagocytic activity, and elevated medium/small molecular immune complexes.
- Significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α) and IgG were observed in the combined group.
- A significantly lower concentration of secretory IgA was found in patients with combined caries and GERD, indicating impaired local immunity.
Conclusions:
- Combined dental caries and GERD induce immune system changes indicative of subclinical immune inflammation.
- GERD exacerbates dental caries intensity, likely due to chronic acid exposure damaging oral mucosa.
- Alterations in oral fluid pro-inflammatory factors and reduced secretory IgA are key markers of local immunity impairment in patients with concomitant GERD and caries.
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