Cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in GDM

The aim of this study is to examine the maternal serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and correlate their levels with demographic and biochemical parameters.

A total of 21 pregnant women with GDM and 21 BMI and age-matched pregnant women without GDM were included in the study. They underwent 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) between 24-28th gestational weeks. Women with a GCT result higher than 140 mg/dl received 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Detection of one of the following criteria after OGTT was accepted as GDM: fasting plasma glucose level 92 mg/dL; 1-h plasma glucose level 180 mg/dL; and 2-h plasma glucose 153 mg/dL. Correlation between metabolic parameters and cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin levels in GDM and non-GDM subjects were analyzed.

Maternal serum preptin values of GDM subjects were similar to the serum preptin values of non-GDM control subjects (123.12±34.3 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.23). Cord blood preptin levels of GDM (64.3±1.09 pg/mL vs. 123.12±34.3 pg/mL, p<0.03) and non-GDM subjects (59.2±021 pg/mL vs. 112.02±12.0 pg/mL, p<0.02) were significantly lower than the maternal serum preptin values. Serum preptin levels of GDM group were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.33, p<0.04), but not with other parameters. Maternal serum irisin levels in the GDM group were lower than the non-GDM control group (5.32±0.44 µg/mL vs. 7.74±4.52 µg/mL, p<0.01). Cord blood irisin concentrations were found similar in women with GDM and non-GDM subjects (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.01±2.14 µg/mL, p<0.14). Cord blood irisin levels of GDM subjects were similar to maternal serum irisin levels (4.91±3.12 µg/mL vs. 5.32±0.44 µg/mL, p<0.57). We found positive correlation between irisin concentration and fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and BMI in women with GDM. In subgroup analysis of 6 patients using insulin treatment, serum and cord blood irisin and preptin levels were similar to those that did not use insulin.

Maternal serum and cord blood preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in women with GDM.