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Pediatric acute kidney injury: new advances in the last decade

Sidharth K Sethi1, Timothy Bunchman2, Ronith Chakraborty3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta-The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India.

Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
|March 5, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in critically ill children and often missed. Early diagnosis and management of AKI in at-risk children significantly improve outcomes, highlighting the need for increased awareness among healthcare professionals.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication with lasting effects on children's health.
  • Recent years have seen major advancements in understanding and managing pediatric AKI.
  • AKI is frequently underdiagnosed in critically ill neonates and children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review landmark studies in pediatric acute kidney injury from the last decade.
  • To emphasize the importance of early AKI diagnosis and risk stratification in children.
  • To highlight current guidelines and best practices in pediatric critical care nephrology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using Google Scholar and PubMed.
  • Keywords included 'pediatric acute kidney injury,' 'biomarkers,' 'nephrotoxicity in children,' and 'pediatric critical care nephrology.'
  • Focus on studies published within the last 10 years.

Main Results:

  • The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition is the most utilized for pediatric AKI.
  • AKI is prevalent in critically ill pediatric populations.
  • Risk stratification upon hospital admission aids in predicting and managing AKI.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and prompt management of AKI in at-risk children are crucial for better outcomes.
  • Healthcare professionals must be aware of the latest developments in pediatric AKI diagnosis and treatment.
  • Continued research and adherence to guidelines are essential in pediatric critical care nephrology.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injuryBiomarkersCritical careDialysis

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