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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Masseter nerve-based facial palsy reconstruction.

Hojin Park1, Seong Su Jeong1, Tae Suk Oh1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facial reanimation using the masseter nerve offers improved symmetry and oral commissure movement. However, achieving a spontaneous smile remains a challenge, necessitating careful patient selection for optimal outcomes in treating facial paralysis.

Keywords:
Facial palsyFacial reanimationMasseter nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Facial paralysis presents significant challenges in treatment and recovery.
  • Masseter nerve transfer is an increasingly utilized technique for facial reanimation.
  • Effective facial reanimation hinges on precise motor nerve selection and surgical methodology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare diverse facial reanimation techniques employing the masseter nerve.
  • To elucidate the advantages and limitations of masseter nerve utilization in facial paralysis.
  • To guide optimal patient selection for enhanced facial reanimation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of facial reanimation strategies.
  • Analysis of masseter nerve applications: direct coaptation and double innervation.
  • Comparison of reanimation methods based on nerve proximity, donor site morbidity, and recovery speed.

Main Results:

  • Masseter nerve offers proximity to the facial nerve, minimal donor site morbidity, and swift functional recovery.
  • Masseter nerve transfer typically enhances facial symmetry and oral commissure excursion via robust motor input.
  • A key limitation is the absence of spontaneous, effortless smile generation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the masseter nerve's benefits and drawbacks is crucial for successful facial reanimation.
  • Careful patient selection is paramount to maximizing the efficacy of masseter nerve transfer.
  • Expanded application of masseter nerve techniques can improve surgical outcomes for facial paralysis.