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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
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Goals in Nutrition Science 2020-2025.

Josep Bassaganya-Riera1, Elliot M Berry2, Ellen E Blaak3

  • 1Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory (NIMML) Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Nutrition science has advanced significantly, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and exploring the microbiome and gut-brain axis. Future research will focus on health and sustainability, informed by global challenges.

Keywords:
food systemhealthnutrition sciencessustainabilitytechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Global Health
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Five years after outlining "Goals for Nutrition Science," this review assesses progress.
  • Key directions such as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), human microbiome research, and the gut-brain axis have seen significant advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in nutrition science over the past five years.
  • To outline future directions for nutrition science research from 2020 to 2025.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the "Goals for Nutrition Science" article.
  • Creation of a mind map to identify key topics for future research.

Main Results:

  • Successful integration of nutrition science with SDGs.
  • Significant insights gained from human microbiome and gut-brain axis research.
  • Recognition of the need to address food system fragility and global food security, especially post-COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Nutrition science has made critical contributions to SDGs and understanding complex biological interactions.
  • Future research priorities lie in health and sustainability, incorporating lessons learned from recent global challenges.