Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 15, 2025
Author Spotlight: Innovative Methodology for Implanting and Securing Neural Probes in the Rodent Spinal Cord
Published on: July 12, 2024
[Minimally invasive implantation technique of a system for spinal cord stimulation]
Adnan Kasapovic1, Yorck Rommelspacher2, Sebastian Walter3
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Deutschland. adnan.kasapovic@ukbonn.de.
Objective:
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) targets structures of the dorsal column and dorsal horn of the spinal cord with electrical impulses, thereby, modulating pain perception. For chronic pain patients, e.g., in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), the aim is to achieve pain relief and enable patients to improve their quality of life.
Indications:
Failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I and II, therapy-refractory ischemic pain, neuropathic pain syndromes (e.g., phantom limb pain).
Contraindications:
Identification of degenerative alterations as the cause of pain; untreated mental illness.
Surgical Technique:
A two-stage implantation technique is performed. Initially, after percutaneous implantation of epidural leads a trial period with stimulation by an external pulse generator is evaluated. Following verification of pain relief, a subcutaneous internal pulse generator is implanted.
Follow-Up:
Early mobilization and adjustment of stimulation parameters.
Results:
In all, 19 consecutive patients with FBSS were treated by high frequency SCS (HF-SCS) and included in a prospective prognostic study. In 18 patients, an internal pulse generator (IPG) for HF-SCS was permanently implanted. Therapy success was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and painDetect questionnaire. Neuropathic pain of the legs versus the back (median values: VAS leg 71 mm, VAS back 69 mm) was dominant in the patients at a preoperative mean ODI of 63%. With HF-SCS therapy, a pronounced pain reduction was seen and persisted in the follow-up after 6 months (VAS leg 18 mm, VAS back 24 mm). The ODI showed an improvement to a mean of 24% after 6 months.
