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Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...
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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Identification of Rare Bacterial Pathogens by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
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Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov., isolated from a lichen sample.

De-Feng An1, Long-Qian Jiang1, Kun Zhang1

  • 1Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.

Archives of Microbiology
|March 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel yellow-pigmented bacterium, Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov., was discovered in German lichen. This aerobic actinobacterium expands the known diversity within the Glaciibacter genus.

Keywords:
GlaciibacterGlaciibacter flavus sp. nov.Lichen

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Taxonomy

Background:

  • Actinobacteria are a diverse phylum of bacteria with significant roles in various ecosystems.
  • The genus Glaciibacter comprises bacteria isolated from cold environments, highlighting their adaptation to extreme conditions.
  • Lichen-associated microbial communities are increasingly recognized for harboring unique bacterial species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize a novel bacterium from lichen collected in Germany.
  • To determine the taxonomic placement of the novel isolate using polyphasic characterization.
  • To propose a new species within the genus Glaciibacter.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and cultivation of bacteria from lichen samples.
  • Gram staining, motility tests, and assessment of pigment production.
  • Physicochemical characterization including temperature, pH, and salinity tolerance.
  • Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Genomic analysis including DNA G+C content, Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH).
  • Chemotaxonomic analyses: cell-wall peptidoglycan type, whole cell sugars, menaquinones, and polar lipids.

Main Results:

  • A novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, motile, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain YIM 131861 T, was isolated.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed strain YIM 131861 T within the genus Glaciibacter, with 96.4% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Glaciibacter superstes.
  • Genomic data (ANI 73.2%, dDDH 19.9%) and chemotaxonomic features (peptidoglycan type B2γ, specific amino acids, sugars, menaquinones, and fatty acids) supported its distinctiveness.
  • The DNA G+C content was 68.2 mol%.

Conclusions:

  • Strain YIM 131861 T represents a novel species of the genus Glaciibacter.
  • The proposed name for this new species is Glaciibacter flavus sp. nov.
  • The type strain is YIM 131861 T (=CGMCC 1.16588 T =NBRC 113572 T).