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Health-Related Quality of Life After Polytrauma: A Systematic Review
Lily A Silverstein1, Jacob T Higgins, Stephanie Henderson
1University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington (Mss Silverstein and Henderson and Dr Higgins); and Department of Nursing Professional Practice and Support, UK HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky (Dr Higgins).
Background:
Following hospital discharge after traumatic injuries, many patients' rehabilitation is inhibited by poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Objective:
The purpose of this review is to identify factors that influence the HRQoL of polytrauma patients after hospital discharge.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed in CINAHL and PubMed databases for English-language articles published between January 2015 and January 2020. Articles that dealt with pediatric or narrow adult populations, exclusively considered brain and spinal cord injuries, burn injuries, or isolated fractures were excluded. In total, 22 nonexperimental cohort studies were eligible for inclusion.
Results:
Based on these studies, with minor disagreements explainable by deficient sampling, variables that impacted HRQoL fell into 11 categories: demographics, preinjury HRQoL, preexisting conditions, mental health status, injury type and location, injury severity, course of hospitalization, time after injury, financial and employment status, functional capacity, and pain.
Conclusion:
The finding with the greatest implications was that mental health, positive coping, self-efficacy, and perception of physical state significantly influence HRQoL after injury and, along with other modifiable variables, can be optimized by directed treatment. Additionally, targeted assessments and interventions can be utilized to improve quality of life for patients with nonmodifiable risk factors.
