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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
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Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Operational Amplifiers01:17

Operational Amplifiers

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The operational amplifier, often referred to as an op-amp, is a multifaceted building block of a circuit. This electronic component functions like a voltage-controlled voltage source and can also be used to create a voltage- or current-controlled current source. The design of an operational amplifier enables it to execute mathematical operations when external components like resistors and capacitors are linked to its terminals. An op-amp has the capacity to sum signals, amplify a signal,...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

33.0K
Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping
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A Sensing Device with the Optical Temperature Sensors-Based Quad-RX Module and a Security Module.

Kyeeun Kim1, Siwoong Park1, Chanil Yeo1

  • 1Optical ICT Convergence Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Gwangju 34129, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 6, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new sensing device with optical temperature sensors and hardware security modules was developed. Field tests confirmed its accuracy and stability for monitoring critical infrastructure like energy storage systems.

Keywords:
fiber Bragg gratingoptical receiverreal-time monitoringsecure hash algorithmsecurity modulesensor nodesymmetric-key algorithm

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Cybersecurity
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Critical national infrastructures require robust monitoring and security solutions.
  • Sensing devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks, necessitating integrated security measures.
  • Optical temperature sensors offer precise environmental monitoring capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel sensing device integrating optical temperature sensing with hardware-based cybersecurity.
  • To assess the performance, accuracy, and stability of the developed sensing device in real-world conditions.
  • To enhance the security of critical national infrastructures against cyber threats.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a sensing device featuring a quad receiver (Quad-RX) module with optical temperature sensors.
  • Implementation of hardware security modules (HSMs) utilizing symmetric-key and secure hash algorithms for cyberattack prevention.
  • Conducting preliminary tests followed by a 1-month field trial at energy storage systems and photovoltaic converter facilities in sewage treatment plants.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensing device successfully integrated optical temperature sensing with robust hardware security.
  • Preliminary tests validated the device's functionality and readiness for field deployment.
  • The 1-month field trial demonstrated high accuracy and stability in monitoring critical infrastructure.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated sensing and security device provides a reliable solution for monitoring critical infrastructure.
  • The implemented hardware security modules effectively mitigate cyberattack risks.
  • The device's performance in diverse environmental conditions validates its potential for widespread application.