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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

Adoptive Immunotherapy beyond CAR T-Cells.

Aleksei Titov^1,2, Ekaterina Zmievskaya¹, Irina Ganeeva¹

¹Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

|March 6, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) shows promise for treating blood cancers but struggles with solid tumors. This review explores alternative ACTs like CAR M-cells, NK-cells, and TILs to improve solid tumor treatment efficacy.

Keywords:

CAR NK-cell CAR T-cell TIL chimeric antigen receptor neoantigen neoepitope peptide transgeneic TCR

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Biotechnology

Background:

Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACT) has advanced cancer treatment since the 1980s.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is effective for B-cell malignancies but limited for solid tumors.
Solid tumor challenges include heterogeneity, migration barriers, and immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review diverse adoptive cell therapies beyond CAR T-cells for solid tumors.
To discuss strategies for neoantigen selection and validation for safety and efficacy.
To explore manufacturing approaches for therapeutic cell products.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on adoptive cell therapies.
Analysis of alternative cell sources (CAR M-cells, CAR NK-cells, γδ T-cells, TILs, TCR T-cells).
Discussion of neoantigen selection, TCR/CAR engineering, and manufacturing technologies.

Main Results:

CAR T-cell therapy faces significant hurdles in solid tumors.
Alternative ACTs show potential for overcoming solid tumor challenges.
Neoantigen targeting and advanced manufacturing are crucial for efficacy.

Conclusions:

Expanding ACT approaches beyond CAR T-cells is vital for solid tumor treatment.
Innovative strategies in cell sourcing, targeting, and manufacturing are key.
Further research into universal allogeneic cell therapies and Point-of-Care manufacturing is warranted.