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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Can Prevent Type 2 Human Papillomavirus E7 from Suppressing Interferon-Stimulated Genes

Ji Young Song1,2, Ju Hee Han2, Yumee Song2

  • 1Program of Immunology & Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 6, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type 2 E7 protein suppresses antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may prevent cutaneous warts by upregulating these ISGs.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) suppresses type I interferon (IFN) signaling and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).
  • The impact of low-risk HPV on ISG expression and antiviral functions remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of antiviral ISGs in keratinocytes transfected with the type 2 HPV (HPV-2) E7 protein.
  • To evaluate the potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in modulating HPV-induced ISG suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to assess mRNA expression.
  • Western blot and immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry to evaluate protein expression.
  • Transfection with HPV-2 E7, E7 siRNA, and EGCG pretreatment in keratinocytes.

Main Results:

  • HPV-2 positive cutaneous warts showed significantly decreased ISG mRNA expression compared to normal skin.
  • HPV-2 E7 transfection significantly downregulated ISG and type I IFN signaling pathway components.
  • EGCG pretreatment upregulated ISG and type I IFN signaling pathway components suppressed by HPV-2 E7.

Conclusions:

  • The E7 protein of low-risk HPV-2 downregulates antiviral ISGs and type I IFN signaling.
  • EGCG demonstrates potential as a preventive agent for cutaneous warts by restoring ISG expression.
Keywords:
E7epigallocatechin-3-gallatehuman papillomavirusinterferon-stimulated genestype I IFN signaling pathway

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