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Updated: Nov 15, 2025

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function
Published on: October 15, 2013
Residual immune dysfunction under antiretroviral therapy
Catherine W Cai1, Irini Sereti1
1HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, United States.
Abstract:
The usage of combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV (PWH) has incited profound improvement in morbidity and mortality. Yet, PWH may not experience full restoration of immune function which can manifest with non-AIDS comorbidities that frequently associate with residual inflammation and can imperil quality of life or longevity. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis underlying chronic inflammation and residual immune dysfunction in PWH, as well as potential therapeutic interventions to ameliorate them and prevent incidence or progression of non-AIDS comorbidities. Current evidence advocates that early diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy at high CD4 counts may represent the best available approach for an improved immune recovery in PWH.
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